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Ecology & Environment, Index & Reports
Mahesh

30/10/22 06:09 AM IST

2022 Forest Declaration Assessment

In News 
  • Recently, the 2022 Forest Declaration Assessment was published, showing that the Deforestation rates worldwide declined only modestly in 2021 by 6.3 % compared to the 2018-20 baseline.
Major Findings 
  • Brazil was the world’s largest contributor to deforestation in 2021.
  • The country marked a 3% rise in the rate of deforestation in 2021 compared to the baseline 2018-2020.
  • Although Brazil didn’t show a large increase, its total deforestation rates each year remained high — making it the world’s largest contributor.
  • Bolivia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo underwent deforestation at 6 % and 3 %, respectively.
Green Cover 
  • Around 145 countries have committed to stop and reverse deforestation and land degradation by 2030 at the COP26 in 2021.
  • Global tree cover has increased by 130.9 million hectares over the past 20 years. Three-quarters of the increase was concentrated in 13 countries. The most significant increase was seen in Russia, Canada, the United States, Brazil and China.
  • China recorded the largest net increase in green cover of 2.1 million hectares. India recorded 0.87 million hectares increase in tree cover.
  • Around 90 per cent of total tree cover gain in the world is attributed to natural regeneration and assisted natural regeneration that occurred outside plantation.
  • The increase in tree cover does not cancel out tree loss nor does it eliminate the adverse impact of forest degradation in terms of carbon storage, biodiversity, or ecosystem services.
Decrease in Deforestation
  • Gabon reduced deforestation by 28% in 2021 compared to 2018-20.
  • The country implemented measures to combat illegal logging and the enforcement of protected areas.
  • Indonesia reduced deforestation after implementing the forest moratorium and improved enforcement measures.
  • The moratorium, which covers around 66 million hectares of primary forest and peatland (terrestrial wetland ecosystems), was first introduced in 2011 and has been renewed regularly as part of the efforts to reduce emissions from fires caused by deforestation.
  • In Brazil, the decline in deforestation rates between 2004 and 2012 can be partly attributed to the coordinated implementation of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Amazon.
Measures 
  • It is essential to note that tree cover gain does not cancel out tree loss.
  • Forest cover gains don’t negate the impacts of forest loss in terms of carbon storage, biodiversity, or ecosystem services. The highest priority efforts should be directed towards safeguarding primary forests from losses in the first place.
  • Forest finance needs to be on track to meet global goals to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030.
  • It will cost up to USD 460 billion per year to protect, restore and enhance forests on a global scale.
  • Currently, domestic and international mitigation finance for forests averages USD 2.3 billion per year — less than 1 % of the required.
  • Forest funding must increase by up to 200 times to meet 2030 goals.
Deforestation 
  • Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something besides forest.
  • This can include clearing the land for agriculture or grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing.
  • Today, most deforestation is happening in the tropics.
Source- DTE 

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