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22/10/22 18:54 PM IST

Climate Transparency Report 2022

In News 
  • The eighth edition of the Climate Transparency report was released recently.
Major Findings 
  • The report, which assessed the climate actions by G20 countries found that the members’ support to produce fossil fuels have reached new heights at 64 billion USD in 2021, despite the worsening of climate crisis.
  • Wider government fossil fuel subsidies, which shrunk to 147 billion USD in 2020, rose back again by 29 per cent to 190 billion USD in 2021.
  • The subsidies continue to spike into 2022, partly because of the Russian war in Ukraine causing inflation in energy sector, which has increased profits of energy manufacturers.
  • G20 members with highest total subsidies for fossil fuels are China, Indonesia and the United Kingdom.
  • These subsidies are contributing to the global temperature surpassing the 1.5 degrees Celsius warming limit agreed under the Paris Agreement and reaffirmed in 2021 at the COP26 held in Glasgow.
  • The report also found that energy emissions also rebounded across G20 countries by 5.9 per cent last year, returning back to the pre-pandemic levels despite the warning from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that recommended reducing emissions by 50 per cent to keep the 1.5 degree warming levels.
  • In 2021, emissions in power and real estate sector were higher than pre-pandemic levels. The per capita emissions in these sectors in China and Turkey are currently higher than 2019 levels.
About the report 
  • The Climate Transparency Report is the world’s most comprehensive annual review of G20 countries’ climate action and their transition to a net zero emissions economy.
  • Theme for the 2022 edition: G20 response to the energy crisis: Critical for 1.5°c.
  • The report was developed by experts from 16 partner organizations from the majority of the G20 countries.
  • Significance: The Climate Transparency Report 2022 report especially highlights the link between the climate emergency and energy crisis.
Findings about India 
  • India’s total greenhouse gas emissions (excluding LULUCF) have increased by 182% (1990–2019). The increases were largely due to a sustained increase in energy-related emissions.
  • LULUCF stands for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry.
  • Per capita emissions: India’s per capita emissions (including LULUCF) are approximately 30% of the G20 average. Total per capita emissions have increased by 12% from 2014 to 2019.
  • Methane emissions: India’s methane emissions (excl. LULUCF) increased by 10% between 1990–2019.
  • The majority of India’s methane emissions came from the agriculture sector in 2019.
  • Agricultural emissions: India has the largest cattle population in the world (38%) and agricultural emissions are primarily from the digestive processes and manure of livestock (mainly cattle).
Source- The Hindu 

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