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Polity & Governance
Mahesh

08/08/24 11:25 AM IST

Draft Broadcast Services Bill 2024

In News
  • The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in its new Draft Broadcasting Bill has proposed wide-ranging regulations on independent news creators on social media platforms like YouTube, Instagram and X.
Major provisions
  • Now, if a creator is categorised as a digital news broadcaster, they must ‘intimate’ the MIB about their work and existence.
  • They will also have to form one or more content evaluation committees at their own expense – and “strive to make” the committee diverse by including individuals with a knowledge of different social groups, women, child welfare, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, minorities.
  • The names of people in their CEC will also have to be shared with the government.
  • All digital news broadcasters must intimate the MIB.
  • The 2023 version said that the government may prescribe a subscriber/viewer threshold that triggers intimation and content code obligations, but the latest version does not have this provision.
  • The penalty to not appoint such a committee is hefty under the current draft – news creators who do not intimate the Central Government names, credentials and other details of members of their CEC will be fined Rs 50 lakh in the first contravention, and Rs 2.5 crore for subsequent violations in the next three years.
  • The draft Bill allows the government to “exempt a distinct class of players or a group for avoiding genuine hardship”, which suggests that some stakeholders might be exempted from the purview of the Bill.
  • The Bill defined news and current affairs programmes as: “
  • Newly-received or noteworthy audio, visual or audio-visual programmes or live programmes, including analysis, about recent events primarily of socio-political, economic or cultural nature, or
  • Any programmes transmitted or retransmitted on broadcasting network, where the context, purpose, import and meaning of such programmes implies so.”
  • The term ‘systematic activity’ has also been defined to mean any structured or organised activity that involves an element of planning, method, continuity or persistence – broadly vague terms which could be made to mean anything and gives the executive a long leash over enforceability.
Regulations of independent news creator
  • It is understood that some of the big Indian creators of current affairs and news content on YouTube are on the government’s radar.
  • To be sure, as per the current wording under the Bill, even foreign creators may fall under its ambit, although enforcing Indian content regulations on them could be challenging.
  • A senior government official said one key reason behind the significant expansion of scope in the current draft Bill compared to the version which was released for public consultation in November 2023 has been the “role a number of independent content creators played in the run-up to the 2024 Lok Sabha polls”.
  • There were a number of instances where creators made videos on current affairs which made some sensational claims about the government and its senior leaders in the run up to the elections.
  • That’s when it was decided that there has to be an accountability measure for these creators as well, to create a level-playing field between mainstream press and independent creators.
The draft says that online intermediaries like Facebook, YouTube, and X are exempted from liability for third-party content, if:
  • the function of the intermediary is limited to providing access to a communication system over which information made available by third parties is transmitted or temporarily stored or hosted;
  •  the intermediary does not initiate the transmission;
  • the intermediary does not select or modify the information, except in compliance with government orders;
  • the intermediary observes due diligence while discharging his duties under this Act and observes other prescribed guidelines.
  • The Bill also has criminal liability provisions for social media companies if they do not provide information “pertaining to OTT Broadcasters and Digital News Broadcasters” on its platforms for compliance.
Laws in other countries
  • In Singapore, both traditional broadcasters, and over the top (OTT) content providers fall under the country’s broadcasting law.
  • Under the country’s copyright law, OTT platforms are regulated and they require a licence from a regulator, although licensees do not have the same level of obligations as other television services.
  • In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and its Media Bureau regulate broadcast radio and television stations.
  • Currently, OTT platforms are not directly regulated by United States federal laws or government authorities.
Source- Indian Express

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