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Mahesh

03/11/23 09:57 AM IST

Global pact on tackling Artificial Intelligence risks

In News
  • 28 major countries meeting at Bletchley Park in the UK, the codebreaking hub during World War II, have agreed to collaborate to minimise risks from ‘frontier AI’
The Bletchley Park Declaration
  • “Frontier AI” is defined as highly capable foundation generative AI models that could possess dangerous capabilities that can pose severe risks to public safety.
  • Twenty-eight major countries including the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, and India, and the European Union agreed to sign on a declaration saying global action is needed to tackle the potential risks of AI.
  • The declaration, which was also endorsed by Brazil, Ireland, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and the United Arab Emirates, incorporates an acknowledgment of the substantial risks from potential intentional misuse or unintended issues of control of frontier AI — especially cybersecurity, biotechnology, and disinformation risks, according to the UK government, the summit host.
  • The declaration noted the “potential for serious, even catastrophic, harm, either deliberate or unintentional, stemming from the most significant capabilities of these AI models”, as well as risks beyond frontier AI, including those of bias and privacy.
  • These risks are best addressed through international cooperation.
  • As part of the agreement on international collaboration on frontier AI safety, South Korea will co-host a mini virtual AI summit in the next six months, and France will host the next in-person summit within a year from now.
Different Countries, Varied Approaches
  • In fact, policymakers across jurisdictions have stepped up regulatory scrutiny of generative AI tools, prompted by ChatGPT’s explosive launch.
  • The concerns lie under three broad heads: privacy, system bias, and violation of intellectual property rights. But the policy response has varied.
  • The EU has taken a tough line, proposing to bring in a new AI Act that classifies artificial intelligence according to use-case scenarios, based broadly on the degree of invasiveness and risk.
  • The UK is at the other end of the spectrum, with a decidedly “light-touch” approach that aims to foster, and not stifle, innovation in this field.
  • The US approach is seen to be somewhere in between,setting the stage for defining an AI regulation rulebook that will ostensibly build on the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights unveiled by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy in October 2022.
  • China has released its own set of measures to regulate AI.
India's stance
  • India has been progressively pushing the envelope on AI regulation.
  • A consultation paper floated by the apex telecommunications regulator Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) earlier in July, which said that the Centre should set up a domestic statutory authority to regulate AI in India through the lens of a “risk-based framework”, while also calling for collaborations with international agencies and governments of other countries for forming a global agency for the “responsible use” of AI.
  • The NITI Aayog has published a series of papers on Responsible AI for All.
  • However, the government is not considering bringing a law or regulating the growth of artificial intelligence in the country.
  • TRAI’s July recommendation on forming an international body for responsible AI was broadly in line with an approach enunciated by Sam Altman, the founder of OpenAI — the company behind ChatGPT — who had called for an international regulatory body for AI, akin to that overseeing nuclear non-proliferation.
Source- Indian Express

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