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Mahesh

13/11/22 22:35 PM IST

Global Vaccine Market Report 2022

In News 
  • The Global Vaccine Market Report 2022 was released recently by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Major Findings 
  • It shows that inequitable distribution is not unique to Covid-19 vaccines, with low-income countries consistently struggling to access vaccines that are in-demand by high-income countries. Limited vaccine supply and unequal distribution drive global disparities.
  • The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against cervical cancer has only been introduced in 41% of low-income countries, even though they represent much of the disease burden, compared to 83% of high-income countries.
  • Affordability is a major obstacle to vaccine access. While prices tend to be tiered by income, price disparities see middle-income countries paying as much – or even more – than wealthier ones for several vaccine products.
  • Free market dynamics is depriving some of the world's poorest and most vulnerable people of their right to health. Therefore, changes are much needed to the global vaccine market to save lives, prevent disease and prepare for future crises.
  • Approximately 16 billion vaccine doses, worth US$ 141 billion, were supplied in 2021, almost three times the 2019 market volume (5.8 billion) and nearly three-and-a-half times the 2019 market value (US$ 38 billion).
  • The increase was primarily driven by Covid-19 vaccines, showing the incredible potential of how vaccine manufacturing can be scaled up in response to health needs.
  • Although manufacturing capacity worldwide has increased, it remains highly concentrated.
  • Ten manufacturers alone provide 70% of vaccine doses (excluding COVID-19).
  • Several of the top 20 most widely used vaccines (such as PCV, HPV, measles and rubella containing vaccines) each currently rely mainly on two suppliers.
  • The health of markets is also concerning for several of the vaccines commonly needed for emergencies, such as against cholera, typhoid, smallpox/monkeypox, Ebola, meningococcal disease, where demand surges with outbreaks and is hence less predictable.
  • The report highlights the opportunities for more alignment of vaccine development, production and distribution with a public health agenda, towards achieving the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) goals and informing pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response efforts.
Recommendations 
For Governments
  • Frame clear immunization plans and more aggressive investment
  • Get a stronger oversight of vaccine development, production and distribution
  • Emphasise on regional research and manufacturing hubs
  • Devise pre-agreeing rules for government collaboration in times of scarcity on issues such as vaccine distribution, intellectual property and the circulation of inputs and goods.
For Industry
  • Focus on research efforts for WHO priority pathogens
  • Ensure transparency.
  • Facilitate technology transfer.
  • Commit to specific equity-driven allocation measures.
Source- India Today

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