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Mahesh

11/10/22 06:54 AM IST

How China reduced poverty; lessons for India

In News 
  • Last week, the World Bank released its latest report on global poverty.
  • It stated that “economic upheavals brought on by Covid-19 and later the war in Ukraine” had produced “an outright reversal” in poverty reduction across the planet.
Poverty 
  • Anyone living on less than $2.15 a day is considered to be living in extreme poverty. About 648 million people globally were in this situation in 2019.
  • The very first international poverty line — a dollar a day — was constructed in 1990 using the 1985 prices.
  • It was then raised to $1.08 a day in 1993, $1.25 a day in 2005 and $1.90 a day in 2011. The $2.15 one is based on 2017 prices.
  • According to the WB, India is the country with the highest number of poor people (over 5 crores in 2020).
Poverty level in China 
  • The World Bank found that between 1978 and 2019, China lifted 765 million (76.5 crores) people from extreme poverty in the last 4 decades.
  • In 2021, China declared that it has eradicated extreme poverty.
  • Life expectancy at birth went from 66 years in 1978 to 77 years by 2019
  • The infant mortality rate dropped from 52 in 1978 to 6.8 per thousand infants in 2019.
Lessons for India 
  • Effective governance, involving decentralized implementation arrangements, with significant scope for local experimentation.
  • Promoting a high degree of competition among local governments to achieve coherence.
  • Investment in Education and Healthcare.
  • Social protection policies for poor households and included specific programs in social assistance, social insurance, social welfare, and other targeted social policies
  • Area-based approach, targeting poor regions and villages as a whole, to a set of interventions targeted at poor households.
  • Creating economic opportunities as a means to escape poverty.
Source- Indian Express 

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