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Ecology & Environment
Mahesh

28/09/22 06:12 AM IST

Hurricane Ian

In News 
  • Hurricane Ian strengthens as Cuba and Florida brace for impact.
Hurricanes 
  • Hurricanes are the biggest and most violent storms on the planet.
  • Tropical cyclones or hurricanes use warm, moist air as fuel, and therefore form over warm Equatorial water.
Mechanism 
  • When the warm, moist air rises upward from the surface of the ocean, it creates an area of low air pressure below.
  • When this happens, the air from the surrounding areas rushes to fill this place, eventually rising when it becomes warm and moist too.
  • An eye forms in the centre. It is the calmest part of the cyclone. Before the wind reaches the centre it gets warmed up and rises upwards.
  • When the warm air rises and cools off, the moisture forms clouds. This system of clouds and winds continues to grow and spin.
  • This disturbance is fuelled by the ocean’s heat and the water that evaporates from its surface.
  • Such storm systems rotate faster and faster.
  • Storms that form towards the north of the equator rotate counterclockwise, while those that form to the south spin clockwise because of the rotation of the Earth.
IMD four Codes 
  • Green (pre-cyclone watch): This code means that “all is well”, there is no likelihood of any adverse weather-related and there are no advisories issued.
  • Yellow (cyclone alert): The colour yellow signals authorities to “be aware” or on their guard, with the likelihood of severely bad weather that could last several days at a stretch, while also suggesting that the weather could take a turn for the worse and upset daily activities.
  • Orange (Cyclone warning): Meaning “Be prepared”, the IMD issues the orange alert as a warning for extremely bad weather, electricity blackouts and the possibility of communication disruptions, including road and rail closures.
  • Red (during or post-landfall outlook): The IMD issues the highest level of warning—indicating authorities should “take action”—only when it is guaranteed that bad weather is going to upend travel and power and pose a significant risk to life.
Source- Hindustan Times 

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