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Mahesh

24/03/23 08:39 AM IST

NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar

In News
  • Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology;Dr. Jitendra Singh said that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) have jointly manufactured an earth science satellite named, NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar).
About NISAR
  • NISAR was envisioned by NASA and ISRO eight years ago in 2014 as a powerful demonstration of the capability of radar as a science tool and help us study Earth’s dynamic land and ice surfaces in greater detail than ever before.
  • The spacecraft will orbit the Earth in a sun synchronous orbit of 747 Km with an inclination of 98.4 degree for a 12-day repeat cycle.
  • NISAR an Earth-observation satellite, is being jointly developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
  • NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) is a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) observatory.
  • NISAR will map the entire globe in 12 days and provide spatially and temporally consistent data for understanding changes in Earth’s ecosystems, ice mass, vegetation biomass, sea level rise, groundwater, and natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and landslides.
  • It carries L and S dual band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which operates with the Sweep SAR technique to achieve large swaths with high-resolution data.
  • The SAR payloads mounted on Integrated Radar Instrument Structure (IRIS) and the spacecraft bus are together called an observatory.
Applications
  • It will provide a means of unraveling complex phenomena, ranging from ecosystem disturbances to ice sheet collapse and natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and landslides.
  • This is expected to provide impetus to the fast-maturing microwave remote sensing applications in geosciences.
  • The precision interferometric orbits of the mission will enable the mapping of a few millimeters of deformations in the land surface.
  • The NISAR mission will observe sea ice characteristics over the seas surrounding India’s Antarctic polar stations.
  • It can be used to detect the marine oil spill and disseminate the spill location during accidental oil seepage for preventive measures.
Significance
  • Human populations are increasing in high-risk areas vulnerable to sea level change, land subsidence, tsunamis, volcanoes, earthquakes, and landslides.
  • NISAR’s global and rapid coverage will provide unprecedented opportunities for disaster response, providing data to assist in mitigating and assessing damage, with observations before and after disasters in short time frames.
  • NISAR maps will allow initial damage estimates to guide ground inspections for damage assessment after any natural disaster as well.
  • Because NISAR’s data will be open access, more policymakers worldwide will be able to use them to meet scientific, societal, and commercial goals than can use other data that are not as accessible.
Source- PIB

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