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08/10/22 07:40 AM IST

Nobel Peace Prize for 2022

In News 
  • The Nobel Peace Prize for 2022, awarded to a jailed Belarus civil rights activist, and a rights organisation each in Russia and Ukraine, puts the focus on Russia’s war in Ukraine, now in its eighth month.
Key Details 
  • Ales Bialiatski, who is in jail since 2021, is a vocal critic of Putin’s ally, President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus.
  • Memorial, the Russian civil rights group, was shut down by Putin, and Center for Civil Liberties is a Ukrainian rights organisation that is documenting alleged war crimes by Russia in Ukraine.
  • In 1995, Bialiatski founded the Belarus human rights group Viasna (Spring) which, according to a fund-raising page on patreon.com, “defends human rights, promotes human rights and exposes violations”.
  • Bialiatski has “devoted his life to promoting democracy and peaceful development in his home country”, Berit Reiss-Andersen, head of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. 
  • The 60-year-old activist was first jailed in 2011 for evading taxes, a charge that he has denied. 
Memorial group of Russia
  • Memorial was established by human rights activists in the former Soviet Union during the Gorbachev years of glasnost and perestroika, and among its founders were 1975 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Andrei Sakharov and Russian mathematician Svetlana Gannushkina.
  • Its objective was to record atrocities committed during the communist regime, especially under Joseph Stalin.
  • The Committee said that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Memorial grew to become the largest human rights organisation in Russia.
  • It established a centre to document victims of the Stalinist era, and compiled information on political oppression and human rights violations in Russia.
  • Memorial, the most authoritative source of information on political prisoners in Russian detention facilities, also leads efforts to combat militarism and promote human rights.
Center for Civil Liberties, Ukraine
  • The Center was founded in Kyiv in 2007 with the aim of advancing human rights and democracy in Ukraine.
  • The Nobel Committee said it has “taken a stand to strengthen Ukrainian civil society and pressure the authorities to make Ukraine a full-fledged democracy”.
  • The Center has actively advocated that Ukraine become affiliated with the International Criminal Court.
  • Since Russia’s invasion in February 2022, the Center has engaged in efforts to identify and document Russian war crimes against the Ukrainian civilian population in collaboration with international partners.
Source- Indian Express 

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