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Ecology & Environment
Mahesh

15/09/24 19:53 PM IST

Typhoon Yagi

In News
  • Millions of people in Southeast Asia continue to struggle with torrential rains, floods, and landslides triggered by Typhoon Yagi — the strongest tropical cyclone Asia.
Tropical cyclones
  • Tropical cyclones form over warm ocean waters near the equator. When the warm, moist air from the ocean surface rises upward, a lower air pressure area is formed below.
  • Air from surrounding areas with higher air pressure rushes into this low pressure area, eventually rising, after it also becomes warm and moist.
  • As warm, moist air rises, it cools down, and the water in the air forms clouds and thunderstorms.
  • This whole system of clouds and winds gains strength and momentum using the ocean’s heat, and the water that evaporates from its surface.
  • The weakest tropical cyclones are called tropical depressions. If a depression intensifies such that its maximum sustained winds reach 39 miles per hour [63 kmph], the tropical cyclone becomes a tropical storm.
  • Storm systems with wind speeds of 119 kmph and above are classified as hurricanes, typhoons, or tropical cyclones.
  • The category of a tropical cyclone is determined by its sustained wind speed, as measured by the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.
  • It is classified into five categories — Category 1 to Category 5.
  • While Category 1 tropical cyclones bring winds of 119 to 153 kmph, Category 5 tropical cyclones, which are the strongest, have winds of 252 kmph or higher.
  • Storms that reach Category 3 and higher are considered major tropical cyclones due to their potential to inflict significant damage.
Climate change
  • Scientists are yet to reach an agreement over how exactly climate change is impacting tropical cyclones.
  • That is because there are a lot of factors that determine whether a storm forms, how it develops, its strength, duration and overall characteristics.
  • However, there is a consensus that with rising global temperatures, tropical cyclones are becoming more intense.
  • For instance, a study published in the journal Climate and Atmospheric Science in July this year showed that tropical cyclones in Southeast Asia are now forming closer to coastlines, intensifying more rapidly, and lingering longer over land.
  • This could be happening primarily because of warmer surface temperatures of the ocean — global mean sea surface temperature has gone up by close to 0.9 degree Celsius since 1850 and around 0.6 degree Celsius over the last four decades.
  • Higher sea surface temperatures cause marine heat waves, an extreme weather event, which can also make storms like hurricanes and tropical cyclones more intense.
  • Warmer temperatures escalate the rate of evaporation along with the transfer of heat from the oceans to the air.
  • When storms travel across hot oceans, they gather more water vapour and heat.
Source- Indian Express

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