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Mahesh

10/09/22 05:40 AM IST

UNDP Human Development Index

In News 
  • India ranks 132 out of 191 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI) 2021, after registering a decline in its score over two consecutive years for the first time in three decades.
About HDI 
  •  India continued its decline in the UNDP Human Development Index 2021, ranking 132 out of 191 Countries. 
  • 70 per cent of countries witnessing a decline in life expectancy
  • 85 per cent of countries recording a decline in income
  • 90 per cent of countries have registered a reduction in their HDI value in 2020 or 2021, reversing much of the progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals,”
  • India stood at 0.633(zero point six three three)during 2021, lower than the world average of 0.732(zero point seven three two).
HDI is a composite index of four indicators:
  • Life expectancy at birth (Sustainable Development Goal 3)
  • Expected years of schooling (SDG 4)
  • Mean years of schooling (SDG 4)
  • Gross national income (GNI) per capita (2017 PPP$) (SDG 8).
Reason for Decline 
  • Drop in Life Expectancy: In 2021, the life expectancy of Indians fell from 69.7 years to 67.2 years during the survey period. This has been attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and the deadly second wave which led to thousands of deaths across the country.
  • Drop in Schooling Years: Along similar lines, expected schooling years for an Indian also declined from 12.2 years in 2020 to 11.9 years in 2021. But on the flipside, the mean average of Schooling Years in India grew marginally from 6.5 years to 6.7 years during the survey period.
  • Drop in Female Life Expectancy: While life expectancy in general, saw a decline, the drop was significant among females. Female Life Expectancy in the UNDP’s HDI report was reported at 11.9 years, lower compared to the previous standard of 12.9 years.
  • Drop in Female School Years: Similarly, the schooling years reported for female students also reported a decline from 12.6 to 11.9 years.
Gender Inequality Index
The index measures inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions:
  • Reproductive health
  • Empowerment
  • Labour market.
  • India has shown a slight improvement in its Gender Inequality Index value as compared to the 2020 index 0.490(zero point four nine zero) to 0.493(zero point four nine three) in 2021.
Source- Indian Express 

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