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Mahesh

16/04/23 14:03 PM IST

WHO draft document lays out framework for countries to introduce new TB vaccines

In News
  • Recently,World Health Organisation (WHO) released a draft document outlining the global framework to prepare countries for the introduction of new TB vaccines for adults and adolescents.

Guidelines
  • The goals of the global framework are threefold;
  • Ensuring the availability of vaccines and doing so sustainably with a sufficient and timely supply chain,
  • Establishing an equitable delivery system beneficial to all and
  • Meeting the requirements of key stakeholders including policymakers, end-users and health systems.
  • The draft document describes the approach to be “accelerated, coordinated, integrated, people-centred, equity-driven and evidence-based.” Sustained global / regional financing and political engagement is a key aspect which will allow for a rapid and equitable introduction and rollout of new TB vaccines
  • The new TB vaccine should provide protection to both adults and adolescents; should replace existing BCG; should have an efficacy of at least 50%, and last for at least two years with a booster every five to ten years.
TB in India
  • India’s TB incidence for the year 2021 is 210 per 100,000 population (a decline of over 18% from 2020)
  • India has a large burden of the world’s TB, with an estimated economic cost of US$100 million lost annually due to this disease.
  • Eradicating TB is a key health target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
  • To realise it, the World Health Assembly passed a resolution, first in 2014, which was updated a year later, with three key aims in the blueprint: Reduce TB incidence by 80 per cent, TB deaths by 90 per cent and to eliminate catastrophic costs for TB-affected households by 2030.
About TB
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
  • Symptoms of TB include a persistent cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. If left untreated, TB can be fatal.
  • Treatment for TB typically involves a course of antibiotics taken over several months. In some cases, drug-resistant strains of TB may require longer treatment with different antibiotics.
  • Prevention of TB includes vaccination with the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and reducing exposure to infected individuals through measures such as improved ventilation and the use of masks.
Source- DTE

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