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Mahesh

13/12/22 14:37 PM IST

World malaria report 2022

In News
  • Recently, the World Malaria Report 2022 was released by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Major Findings
  • There were an estimated 619 000 malaria deaths globally in 2021 compared to 625 000 in the first year of the pandemic.
  • In 2019, before the pandemic struck, the number of deaths stood at 568 000.
  • Malaria cases continued to rise between 2020 and 2021, but at a slower rate than in the period 2019 to 2020.
  • The global tally of malaria cases reached 247 million in 2021 compared to 245 million in 2020 and 232 million in 2019.
  • Among the 11 high-burden countries, five — the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, India, Niger and the United Republic of Tanzania — recorded a decline in deaths.
  • Hurdles impeding the process of ending Malaria include - mutating parasites which can evade rapid diagnostic tests, increasing drug resistance and the invasion of an urban-adapted mosquitoes, especially in Africa.
Malaria
  • Malaria is a life-threatening mosquito borne blood disease caused by plasmodium parasites.
  • It is predominantly found in the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, South America as well as Asia.
  • It is preventable as well as curable.
  • The parasites spread through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
  • Symptoms of malaria include fever and flu-like illness, including shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, and tiredness.
  • Malaria vaccine- Known by its lab initials as RTS, S but branded as Mosquirix, the vaccine has passed lengthy scientific trials that found it to be safe and reducing the risk of malaria by nearly 40%, the best recorded.
  • It was developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) company and approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2015.
Measures to control Malaria
  • In India, malaria elimination efforts were initiated in 2015 and were intensified after the launch of the National Framework for Malaria Elimination (NFME) in 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
  • NFME is in line with WHO’s 2016-2030 Malaria Strategy, which guides the WHO Global Malaria Programme (GMP).
  • The National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination (2017-22) was launched in July 2017 which laid down strategies for the following five years.
  • It gives year-wise elimination targets in various parts of the country depending upon the endemicity of malaria.
Source- Live Mint

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