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15/07/23 06:39 AM IST

Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)

In News
  • The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India recently organised a mangrove plantation program at Kovalam Panchayat in Chengalpattu District in Tamil Nadu.
About MISHTI scheme
  • MISHTI program was recently launched by Government of India with an objective to take up mangrove reforestation and afforestation along the coastal districts of India by adopting best practices that already exist in India as well as from other countries including Indonesia.
  • This program is also envisaged to develop mangrove associated ecotourism initiatives and livelihood generation in coastal states.
  • “MISHTI” will contribute to the efforts of ‘Mangrove Alliance for Climate (MAC)’ – an intergovernmental alliance for promotion of Mangrove, of which India became its active member during the (COP27)
  • Currently, there is approximately 5000 sq kms of area under mangroves and through the MISHTI program an additional area of 540 sq km is proposed to be covered across 9 States and 4 Union Territories.
  • The scheme is planned to be implemented for a period of five years from 2023-2024 to 2027-2028.
  • MISHTI is to be implemented by converging CAMPA Fund, MGNREGS, and other sources.
  • In Tamil Nadu total areas demarcated for mangrove reforestation/afforestation under this program is about 39 sq. km.
About Mangroves
  • Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions.
  • True mangroves are the ones which display morphological adaptations for a high saline mangrove ecosystem such as pneumatophores, vivipary or crypto vivipary germination and salt-secreting cells.
  • They occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics and even some temperate coastal areas, mainly between latitudes 30° N and 30° S, with the greatest mangrove area within 5° of the equator.
  • They contain a complex salt filtration system and a complex root system to cope with saltwater immersion and wave action.
  • They are adapted to the low-oxygen conditions of waterlogged mud, but are most likely to thrive in the upper half of the intertidal zone.
Status of Mangroves
  • The ‘State of World Mangroves 2022’ report by the Global Mangrove Alliance puts the total mangrove cover of the world at 1,47,000 sq km (14.7 million hectares).
  • India has about 4,992 sq km (0.49 million hectares) of mangroves, according to the Indian State of Forest Report (IFSR) 2021.
  • Mangroves in India are distributed across nine States and three Union Territories with West Bengal having the highest mangrove cover of 2,114 sq km.
  • The IFSR report also points out that there has been an increase in the mangrove cover from 4,046 sq km in 1987 to 4,992 sq km in 2021.
Source- PIB

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